This research examines the challenges and opportunities of a just transition in Kosovo as the country phases out coal and aligns with EU climate targets. With over 90% of its electricity currently generated by two aging lignite-fired power plants, Kosovo faces a dual crisis of energy security and pollution. The study highlights the socioeconomic vulnerability of coal-dependent regions, particularly the municipality of Obiliq, and analyzes the institutional and legal shortcomings in current transition planning. Although Kosovo has committed to increasing the share of renewable energy to 35% by 2031 and ending coal use by 2050, key policy documents such as the draft National Energy and Climate Plan and the Climate Protection Law fail to address the labor market and social policy aspects of this transformation.
Based on interviews with relevant stakeholders and a comparative analysis of international models, the research identifies a broad consensus on the need for inclusive planning but also reveals limited institutional preparation and low levels of public participation. Building on these findings, the study aims to develop a roadmap for a just transformation adapted to the Kosovar context, which is based on international experience and offers concrete legal, institutional and financial recommendations to ensure that the energy transition is both environmentally sustainable and socially just.